Description

Genetic factors can significantly increase the risk of developing gout, making family history an important non-modifiable risk factor. Several genes have been identified that affect uric acid metabolism, transport, and excretion. For example, variations in the SLC2A9 and ABCG2 genes can influence uric acid levels and gout risk. Inherited metabolic disorders like Lesch-Nyhan syndrome or phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) synthetase superactivity can also lead to excessive uric acid production. The heritability of gout is estimated to be 35-40%, indicating a strong genetic component. Individuals with a family history of gout may have a genetic predisposition to hyperuricemia, making them more susceptible to environmental and lifestyle triggers. A large-scale study published in the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases found that having a first-degree relative with gout increased an individual's risk of developing the condition by 1.91 times [1]. Another study in Nature Genetics identified multiple genetic loci associated with gout risk, highlighting the complex genetic architecture of the disease [2]. While genetic factors cannot be changed, awareness of family history can help individuals and healthcare providers implement appropriate preventive strategies.